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Icing
Ice accretion on the airframe or induction system that degrades lift, increases drag and weight, and can block pitot-static or engine induction airflow. PIREPs, AIRMETs/SIGMETs, and forecasts help pilots recognize icing risk; most light trainers lack certified ice protection, so avoidance is the primary mitigation.
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- IFR (Instrument Flight Rules)A set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by reference to instruments only, without visual reference to the ground. IFR flight requires an Instrument Rating, an IFR-equipped aircraft, and an ATC clearance.
- ILS (Instrument Landing System)A precision instrument approach system that provides both lateral (localizer) and vertical (glideslope) guidance to the runway. ILS approaches allow landings in lower visibility conditions than non-precision approaches.
- Instrument CurrencyThe recent instrument experience required under 14 CFR 61.57(c) to act as PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than VFR minima. Instrument currency is separate from the flight review and from passenger takeoff-and-landing currency; an Instrument Proficiency Check can restore it when experience has lapsed.
- Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)An instrument proficiency evaluation with an authorized instructor or examiner under 14 CFR 61.57(d). An IPC restores instrument currency when a pilot has not met recent instrument experience requirements and is distinct from the broader flight review under 61.56.