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Icing
Ice accretion on the airframe or induction system that degrades lift, increases drag and weight, and can block pitot-static or engine induction airflow. PIREPs, AIRMETs/SIGMETs, and forecasts help pilots recognize icing risk; most light trainers lack certified ice protection, so avoidance is the primary mitigation.
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- IFR (Instrument Flight Rules)A set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by reference to instruments only, without visual reference to the ground. IFR flight requires an Instrument Rating, an IFR-equipped aircraft, and an ATC clearance.
- ILS (Instrument Landing System)A precision instrument approach system that provides both lateral (localizer) and vertical (glideslope) guidance to the runway. ILS approaches allow landings in lower visibility conditions than non-precision approaches.
- Indicated Airspeed (IAS)The airspeed shown on the airspeed indicator, uncorrected for instrument, position, or density errors. Pilots fly published POH or AFM indicated airspeeds for takeoff, climb, approach, and stall awareness; at high density altitude the same IAS produces a higher true airspeed and groundspeed, so the visual picture can feel fast.
- Indicated AltitudeThe altitude shown on the altimeter when it is set to the current local altimeter setting. Indicated altitude is not the same as cabin pressure altitude; supplemental-oxygen rules follow the pressure altitude the occupants experience in the cabin, which can differ in pressurized aircraft.