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TFR (Temporary Flight Restriction)
A temporary airspace restriction issued by NOTAM that limits or prohibits aircraft operations in a defined area for reasons such as disaster relief, VIP movement, or special events. Checking TFRs is a core part of VFR preflight NOTAM review.
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- Time in ServiceThe time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches down at the next point of landing, used for maintenance intervals such as the 100-hour inspection under 14 CFR 91.409. Maintenance entries often reference tach time as a practical measure of time in service.
- Torque ReactionNewton's third-law response to a spinning propeller: the airframe rolls and yaws opposite the propeller's rotation. On the ground it shows up as extra weight and rolling friction on the left main wheel, pulling the nose left during the takeoff roll and contributing to left-turning tendency.
- Touch-and-GoA landing practice maneuver in which the aircraft touches down and immediately takes off again without coming to a full stop. Touch-and-goes are useful training tools but do not satisfy night passenger-currency landing requirements, which require full-stop landings.
- Touchdown ZoneThe portion of the runway near the approach end intended for landing touchdown, often marked with touchdown-zone markings and lighting. Wake vortices and a light tailwind can move another aircraft's wake forward into the touchdown zone, so pilots plan aim points carefully behind heavier traffic.