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Simulated Instrument
Instrument flight time logged while flying by reference to instruments under a view-limiting device, with a safety pilot or instructor on board. Simulated instrument time counts toward instrument rating and instrument currency requirements when logged correctly under 14 CFR 61.51 and 61.65.
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- Sky ConditionThe reported amount and height of cloud layers, typically described with contractions such as FEW, SCT, BKN, and OVC plus the layer altitude. ATIS, METAR, and ASOS/AWOS broadcasts include sky condition so pilots can compare ceilings and cloud coverage with personal minimums and VFR requirements.
- Slip/SkidUncoordinated flight conditions. A slip occurs when the aircraft is banked too much for the rate of turn (ball deflected toward the turn). A skid occurs when there is too much rudder for the bank angle (ball deflected away from the turn). The inclinometer (ball) indicates coordination.
- Solo Cross-CountryA student-pilot cross-country flight conducted as the sole occupant of the aircraft after receiving the required instructor endorsements under 14 CFR 61.93. Solo cross-country flights must meet distance and landing requirements that count toward private pilot certificate experience.
- Solo FlightA flight in which the student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft. Before the first solo, the student must receive endorsements from their flight instructor certifying competence in the specific aircraft type and at the specific airport.