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Position Lights
Navigation lights that show an aircraft's orientation: red on the left wingtip, green on the right, and white on the tail. Approved position lights are required for night VFR under 14 CFR 91.205(c) and help other pilots judge relative position in the traffic pattern.
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- Power-Off StallA stall practiced with idle or reduced power to simulate the approach-to-landing configuration and teach recognition and recovery near the critical angle of attack. Student pilots commonly log power-off stalls with slow flight and pattern work as foundational private-pilot maneuvers.
- Power-On StallA stall practiced with takeoff or climb power to simulate departure and departure-turn scenarios. Power-on stalls appear in private and multi-engine maneuver training so pilots can recognize an excessive angle of attack with power applied and recover promptly.
- Practical TestThe FAA oral and flight examination for a certificate or rating, conducted by a Designated Pilot Examiner or FAA inspector against the applicable Airman Certification Standards. Commonly called a checkride, the practical test evaluates knowledge, risk management, and skill for each required ACS area of operation.
- Precision ApproachAn instrument approach that provides both lateral and vertical electronic guidance to the runway, such as an ILS, GLS, or PAR. RNAV (GPS) LPV and LNAV/VNAV procedures also provide vertical guidance and are flown to a decision altitude, but the FAA classifies them as approaches with vertical guidance (APV) rather than precision approaches.