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Missed Approach
A published or ATC-directed climb-out procedure flown when an instrument approach cannot be completed to a landing, or when a low approach/go-around is executed. After a larger aircraft's missed approach, residual wake turbulence can remain along the runway and flight path.
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- Mode C VeilThe airspace within 30 nautical miles of the Class B primary airports listed in 14 CFR 91 Appendix D, from the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL, where an operable Mode C (altitude-reporting) transponder and ADS-B Out are generally required. The Mode C veil appears on sectional charts and affects equipment planning even for flights that never enter Class B.
- Mountain ObscurationA weather condition in which mountains or mountain ridges are hidden by clouds, precipitation, smoke, or other obscurations. Widespread mountain obscuration is a common AIRMET/G-AIRMET hazard and is a frequent go/no-go factor for VFR mountain or foothill flying.
- Mountain WaveStanding waves and associated turbulence created when strong winds flow over mountainous terrain. Mountain-wave activity can produce large airspeed and altitude changes, sometimes with little felt turbulence, and is a key go/no-go factor when ridge-level winds are strong.
- MSL (Mean Sea Level)A measurement of altitude expressed in feet above the average level of the ocean surface. MSL altitude is used for en route navigation, airspace boundaries, and instrument approach procedures. Altimeters display MSL altitude when set to the local altimeter setting.