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Knowledge Test
The FAA written (computer-based) exam that evaluates aeronautical knowledge for a certificate or rating. Applicants typically need an instructor endorsement to take the test, and a passing score is required before the practical test (checkride).
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- Landing LightAn aircraft light aimed forward to illuminate the runway or landing area. A landing light is required for aircraft operated for hire at night under 14 CFR 91.205(c); even when not legally required, students treat landing-light condition as a critical night-flying item.
- Load FactorThe ratio of the lift produced by the wings to the actual weight of the aircraft. In level flight, load factor is 1G. During turns, load factor increases — a 60-degree banked turn produces a 2G load factor, doubling the effective weight on the wings.
- LocalizerThe lateral guidance component of an ILS that provides a precise course aligned with the runway centerline. A localizer can also support non-precision localizer-only approaches when glideslope is unavailable or not authorized.
- LogbookA record where pilots document their flight time, including date, aircraft type, route, conditions (day/night, VFR/IFR), and type of experience (solo, dual, PIC). Accurate logbook entries are required to prove eligibility for certificates and ratings.