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Ground Effect
An increase in aerodynamic efficiency that occurs when an aircraft flies very close to the ground (typically within one wingspan height). Ground effect reduces induced drag, which is why aircraft may float during landing if carrying excess speed.
Related Terms
- Ground SchoolThe classroom-based or online portion of flight training that covers aeronautical knowledge including aerodynamics, weather, navigation, regulations, aircraft systems, and flight planning. Ground school prepares students for the FAA Knowledge Test.
- Heading IndicatorA gyroscopic flight instrument that provides a stable directional reference for the aircraft. Unlike a magnetic compass, the heading indicator is not affected by turning errors or magnetic dip, but must be periodically realigned with the compass.
- Holding PatternA predetermined maneuver that keeps aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from ATC. Holding patterns are racetrack-shaped and defined by a fix, inbound course, and direction of turns (standard is right turns).
- HypoxiaA condition in which the body is not getting or using enough oxygen. In flight, hypoxia can impair judgment, coordination, vision, and decision-making — sometimes with euphoria that makes the impairment hard to self-detect. Suspected hypoxia calls for supplemental oxygen and a descent as conditions allow.